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Fraktur () is a calligraphic hand of the Latin alphabet and any of several blackletter typefaces derived from this hand. The blackletter lines are broken up – that is, their forms contain many angles when compared to the smooth curves of the Antiqua (common) typefaces modeled after antique Roman square capitals and Carolingian minuscule. From this, Fraktur is sometimes contrasted with the "Latin alphabet" in northern European texts, being sometimes called the "German alphabet", despite simply being a typeface of the Latin alphabet. Similarly, the term "Fraktur" or "Gothic" is sometimes applied to ''all'' of the blackletter typefaces (known in German as ''Gebrochene Schrift'', "Broken Script"). Here is the entire alphabet of English in Fraktur, using the \mathfrak font of the mathematical typesetting package TeX: The word derives from the past participle ''fractus'' ("broken") of Latin ''frangere'' ("to break"); the same root as the English word "fracture". ==Characteristics== Besides the 26 letters of the Latin alphabet, Fraktur includes the ß (''Eszett'' (:ɛsˈtsɛt)), vowels with umlauts, and the ſ (''long s''). Some Fraktur typefaces also include a variant form of the letter r known as the r rotunda, and many a variety of ligatures which are left over from cursive handwriting and have rules for their use. Most older Fraktur typefaces make no distinction between the majuscules "I" and "J" (where the common shape is more suggestive of a "J"), even though the minuscules "i" and "j" are differentiated. One difference between the Fraktur and other blackletter scripts is that in the lower case ''o'', the left part of the bow is broken, but the right part is not. In Danish texts composed in Fraktur, the letter ø was already preferred to the German and Swedish ö in the 16th century.〔Cf., ''inter alia'', ''(Bibla: Det er den gantske Hellige Scrifft: udsæt paa Danske )''. 1550. & ''(Biblia: Det er Den gantske Hellige Scrifft paa Danske igien offuerseet oc prentet effter vor allernaadigste herris oc Kongis K. Christian den IV. Befaling )''. 1633. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fraktur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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